高中英语 · 必修三：Unit4 astronomy /ə'strɔnəmi/ n. 天文学 astronomer /ə'strɔnəmə/ n. 天文学家 solar /'səulə/ adj. 太阳的；日光的 system /'sistəm/ n. 系统；体系；制度 solar system 太阳系 religion /ri'lidʒən/ n. 宗教；宗教信仰 theory /'θiəri/ n. 学说；理论 Big Bang 宇宙大爆炸；创世大爆炸 atom /'ætəm/ n. 原子 billion /'biljən/ pron. & n. & adj. <英>万亿；<美>十亿 globe /ɡləub/ n. 球体；地球仪；地球 global /'ɡləubl/ adj. 全球性的；全世界的 violent /'vaiələnt/ adj. 猛烈的；激烈的；强暴的 in time 及时；终于 carbon /'kɑ:bən/ n. 碳 nitrogen /'naitrədʒən/ n. 氮 vapour /'veipə/ n. （= vapor）蒸气；水蒸气 atmosphere /'ætməsfiə/ n. 大气层；气氛 unlike /ʌn'laik/ prep. 不同；不像 fundamental /fʌndə'mentl/ adj. 基本的；基础的 presence /'prezəns/ n. 出席；到场；存在 dissolve /di'zɔlv/ vt. & vi. 溶解；解散 harmful /'hɑ:mful/ adj. 有害的 acid /'æsid/ n. 酸 chain /tʃein/ n. 链子；连锁；锁链 reaction /ri'ækʃn/ n. 反应；回应 multiply /'mʌltiplai/ vi. & vt. 乘；增加 oxygen /'ɔksidʒən/ n. 氧 shellfish /'ʃelfiʃ/ n. 水生有壳动物 amphibian /æm'fibiən/ n. 两栖动物 reptile /'reptail/ n. 爬行动物；爬虫 lay eggs 下蛋 dinosaur /'dainəsɔ:/ n. 恐龙 exist /iɡ'zist/ vi. 存在；生存 mammal /'mæml/ n. 哺乳动物 give birth to 产生；分娩 thus /ðʌs/ adv. 因此；于是 in one’s turn 轮到某人；接着 dioxide /dai'ɔksaid/ n. 二氧化物 carbon dioxide 二氧化碳 prevent ... from 阻止；制止 puzzle /'pʌzl/ n. 谜；难题 vt. & vi. （使）迷惑；（使） 为难 biology /bai'ɔlədʒi/ n. 生物学 biologist /bai'ɔlədʒist/ n. 生物学家 gravity /'ɡrævəti/ n. 万有引力；重力 satellite /'sætəlait/ n. 卫星；人造卫星 gentle /'dʒentl/ adj. 温和的；文雅的 geologist /dʒi'ɔlədʒist/ n. 地质学家 physicist /'fizisist/ n. 物理学家 block out 挡住（光线） extinct /ik'stiŋkt/ adj. 灭绝的；绝种的 climate /'klaimit/ n. 气候 comet /'kɔmit/ n. 慧星 crash /kræʃ/ vi. & vt. 碰撞；坠落 Isaac Newton /'aizək 'nju:tn/ 艾萨克·牛顿 (英国科 学家) Albert Einstein /'ælbət 'ainstain/ 阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦(德 裔美国科学家) Stephen Hawking /'sti:vn 'hɔ:kiŋ/ 斯蒂芬·霍金(英国科学 家) spaceship /'speisʃip/ n. 宇宙飞船 pull /pul/ n. & vt. 拉（力）；拖；牵引力 lessen /'lesən/ vi. & vt. 减少；减轻 cheer up 感到高兴；感到振奋 float /fləut/ vi. & vt. （使）浮动；（使）漂浮 n. 漂浮 物 weightlessly /'weitlisli/ adv. 失重地 cabin /mæs/ n. 小屋；船舱 mass /'kæbin/ n. 质量；团；块；大量；<复>群众 now that 既然 get the hang of 熟悉；掌握；理解 break out 突发；爆发 exhaust /iɡ'zɔ:st/ vt. 用尽；耗尽；使精疲力尽 watch out for 密切注视；当心；提防 HOW LIFE BEGAN ON THE EARTH No one knows exactly how the earth began, as it happened so long ago. However, according to a widely accepted theory,the universe began with a “Big Bang” that threw matter in all directions. After that,atoms began to form and combine to create stars and other bodies. 没有人确切地知道地球是如何开始的，就像很久以前 发生的那样。然而，根据一种广为接受的理论，宇宙从一 个“大爆炸”开始，它把物质抛向各个方向。在那之后， 原子开始形成并结合起来形成恒星和其他的身体。 For several billion years after the “Big Bang”, the earth was still just a cloud of dust. What it was to become was uncertain until between 4.5 and 3.8 billion years ago when the dust settled into a solid globe. The earth became so violent that it was not clear whether the shape would last or not. It exploded loudly with fire and rock. They were in time to producecarbon, nitrogen, water vapor and other gases, which were to make the earth’satmosphere. What is even more important is that as the earth cooled down, water began to appear on its surface. 数十亿年来在“大爆炸”后,地球还只是一团尘埃是什 么变得不确定,直到 4.5 至 38 亿年前,当尘埃落定成固体地球。 地球变得如此猛烈，以至于不清楚它的形状是否会持续下 去。它以火和岩石大声爆炸。他们及时生产出了碳、氮、 水蒸气和其他气体，这些气体是用来制造地球大气层的。 更重要的是，随着地球的冷却，水开始出现在地表. Water had also appeared on other planets like Mars but unlike the earth, it had disappeared later. It was not immediately obvious that water was to be fundamental to the development of life. What many scientists believe is that the continued presence of water allowed the earth to dissolve harmful gases and acids into the oceans and seas. This produced achain reaction, which made it possible for life to develop. 水也曾出现在火星等其他行星上，但与地球不同的是， 它后来消失了。水对生命的发展是至关重要的，这一点并 不是显而易见的。许多科学家认为，水的持续存在使地球 能够将有害的气体和酸溶解到海洋和海洋中。这产生了连 锁反应，使生命有可能发展。 Many millions of years later, the first extremely small plants began to appear on the surface of the water. They multiplied and filled the oceans and seas with oxygen, which encouraged the later development of early shellfish and all sorts of fish. Next, green plants began to grow on land. They were followed in time by land animals. Some were insects. Others, called amphibians, were able to live on land as well as in the water. Later when the plants grew into forests, reptiles appeared for the first time. They produced young generallyby laying eggs. After that, some huge animals, called dinosaurs, developed. They laid eggs too and existed on the earth for more than 140 million years. However, 65 million years ago the age of the dinosaurs ended. Why they suddenly