高考英语语法精讲与精练：第二章 代 词 第三章 代词精讲与精练 一、代词讲前练：代词语篇填空训练 What on earth does happiness mean？I can’t give you its exact definition, but I’m sure if you love and help [1]___________, you will get it. I’ll never forget an old lady. She lives in a small house alone.It’s said that her husband and her son died in a road accident years ago. [2]_______life is bitter, but she often helps others with a smile. Whenever it snows, [3]________ is always the first to clean the paths. She looks after several children living nearby. I am one of [4]_______. I often remember the stories she told us and her kind smile. Perhaps she is unlucky, but I think she is a happy person. Her life is full of laughter and love. But I’m sad to see some people getting [5]________ happiness in bad ways. They talk noisily in cinemas and meeting rooms; they destroy trees to enjoy [6]__________and they laugh at [7]_______ shortcomings. Perhaps they feel happy at that time, but they will never get true happiness because they have lost their personality already. Now I know [8]_________ happiness is. [9]_________ means kindness,love and unselfishness. Above all, I have come to understand that bringing happiness to others is getting [10]___________ happiness. Keys:1. others 2. Her 3. she 4.them 5.their 6.themselves 7.others’ 8.what 9. It 10.ourselves 二．代词考点精讲 1. 人称代词，物主代词，反身代词的用法：图片 含有反身代词的短语有： be oneself (人)处于正常状态 by oneself 独自地; 单独地 come to oneself 苏醒过来; 醒悟过来; 恢复理性 for oneself 为自己; 独力地; 亲自地 seat oneself 坐下 speak to oneself 自言自语 dress oneself 自己穿衣 devote oneself to 致力于.... enjoy oneself 过的快活 help oneself to 随便吃、随便用 teach oneself 自学 make oneself at home 不受约束 say to oneself 心里想 2.指示代词及疑问代词 1)指示代词主要有： ①近指：this 这个，these 这些；也可指下文将要谈到 的人或物。 ②远指：that 那个，those 那些，也可指上文提到的人 或物。 2) 疑问代词(who, whom, whose, which, what 等)在句中 可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语等： EG:Which do you prefer, tea or coffee? 茶和咖啡，你喜欢 那样？ 3）疑问词 + to do：在句中作主语或宾语。 EG:I don’t know what to do with the money? 我不知道如 何处理这些钱。 3. one，ones, that, those, it 做替代词时的用法： it 可以代替可数名词单数和不可数名词代替同类同物， 只能指物。them/they 是 it 的复数形式，代替复数名词 one 同类异物，代替可数名词单数，表泛指，可以指人 也可以指物。ones 是 one 的复数，代替复数名词。 that 用于同类比较中，代替可数名词单数和不可数名词， 表特指，可以指人也可指物。 those 是 that 的复数，代替复数名词。 举例说明 1).Yesterday I bought a new bike. It is blue.(it 指前文刚提 到的单数名词 a new bike,是同类同一事物） 2).A bridge made of stone is stronger than one made of wood（one 是单数与前文不定冠词对应，与指代的 a bridge 是同类非同一事物，泛指） 3).The bridge made of stone is stronger than that made of wood.（that=the one 表示特指与前文定冠词 the 对应，与指 代的 the bridge 是同类非同一事物，特指） 4).The people who are standing there are those(=the ones) from Japan (the ones 与 those 复数特指，与定冠词 the people 对 应） 5).Bridges made of stone are stronger than ones made of wood(ones 不定指的复数，与前文的 bridges 对应） 小试牛刀： 1. At our factory there are a few machines similar to_______described in this magazine.Key:those/the ones 2. The traffic on the main streets has a longer green signal than______ on the small ones.Key:that 3. To her joy, Della earned first the trust of her students and then _____of her colleagues.Key:that 4.Look at the bird. ______often comes to my window. Key: it 5.I haven’t got a pen. Can you lend me _________. key:one 4.It 的用法 1）指时间，距离，天气，日期，温度等； It’s early spring, but it is already hot. 2）当说话者弄不清对方是谁，不清楚或没必要知道说 话对象的性别时； Someone is knocking at the door, who can it be? 3）作形式主语或形式宾语，代替 to do, doing, 或从句； It is important for us to be cheerful when facing the trouble. 4 ） 用 于 强 调 句 型 “ It is/was + 被 强 调 部 分 + that/who... ” It is years of hard work that made him what he is today. 5)用于固定搭配： It is a pity/a shame that... 真 可 惜 / 丢 人 It is no wonder that... 难怪...... It seems/appears that ... 似乎/ 好像...... It looks/seems as if/ as though... 看起来好像...... It happens that ... 碰巧...... It occurs to/comes to/strikes/hits sb. that... 某人突然想 起...... It was/will be + 一段时间 + before 从句过了/要过多久 才...... It wasn’t/ won’t + 一段时间 + before 从句没过多久就...... 5.other, others, the other 和 another 的用法 ①.other 表示泛指，意为“另外的、别的、其它的”。 常与复数名词连用。 Other+复数名词=others ②.others：表示泛指，意为“别的人或物”，但不指剩 下的全部。如： Many students are playing on the playground． Some are playing football ； others(=other students) are playing basketball． ③.the other：表示两者中的另外一个。可单独使用， 也可后接单数名词。如： The old man has two sons． One is a worker，the other is a teacher． 注意：the others:可表示其余的全部且不止一个。如： We shall do some cleaning this afternoon ． Group One will clean the wall． Group Two will clean the windows． The other students (The others) will sweep the floor． ④.another 常用于指三者或三者以上中的“另外一个”。 它可单独使用，也可后接名词。如果其后接