高考英语语法精讲与精练 ：第十章 情 态动词与虚拟语气 高考英语 第十章 情态动词与虚拟语气精讲与精练 一、情态动词与虚拟语气讲前练：用所给单词的适当 形式填空 Tom: Hi,Mr.Smith.[1] 　you give me a hand? Mr.Smith: Of course. You [2] 　 　hesitate to ask me for help. What’s the matter with you? Tom: My mum is always complaining about my going back home late after school. Mr.Smith: What do you usually do after school? Tom: I usually go to the playground to play basketball. But I know that I [3]　 　go home first. Mr.Smith: Why don’t you go home directly? Tom: My mother usually says,“Every student [4] do their homework first after school, and that is a rule for all of you students.”You see, if I [5]　 　(do)my homework first now, I couldn’t have a rest and relax. I am so tired. Mr.Smith:Both you and your mum are reasonable. As a mother, she believes that you [6] 　 　 never work too hard, while you think you need some time to have a rest. Does your mother know what you think? Tom: No. Even if I [7] 　 　 (tell)her before, she wouldn’t have understood it. Mr.Smith: I don’t think you are right. I think you should tell your mother what you think and she would understand you. Besides, you had better not hide your feelings from your mother and you [8] 　 　 as well learn to communicate with her. Tom: Thank you for your advice. It is high time I [9] (talk)with her. Mr.Smith: I [10]　 　agree more. 1、Can 2、needn’t 3、should 4、shall 5、did 6、can 7、had told 8、might 9、talked 10、can’t 二、情态动词考点精讲： 情态动词考点 1、常考的情态动词 类 情态动词 含义 用法 例句 推 测 must 一定、肯定 只用于肯定句 You’re Tom’s good friend, so you must know what he likes best. can/could 可能、也许 用于否定句和问句，can’t/couldn’t 表“不可能” It can’t be Mr Li, for he has gone to America. may/might 可能、也许 用于肯定句和否定句，may not/might not 表“可能不” Your mother may /might not know the truth. 能力 can/could 能够 can 只有现在和过去时 Mary can speak three languages. be able to 能够 be able to 有更多的形式(如：will be able to, have been ble to )。当成功地完成某一具体动作时，不用 could 而用 was/were able to 。 这 时 was/were able to 相 当 于 managed to，表示经过一番努力，终于能够完成某事。 He was able to go to the party yesterday evening in spite of the heavy rain 许可 can/could 可以 ①问句中用 could/might 更显客气和委婉。②肯定回答 一般用 can,显得语气肯定干脆。 --Could I come to see you tomorrow? -- Yes, you can. (No, I’m afraid not. ) may/might 可以 May I come in? 必 要 must 必须 表主观要求，注意 must 提起的一般疑问句的肯定回答 和否定回答的不同，见例句。 --Must we hand in our exercise books today? -- Yes, you must./ No, you don’t have to / you needn’t. have to 不得不 表客观需求 It is raining heavily,so we have to stay at home. ought to 应该 与 should 用法同 Yong people should show respect for the old. should 应该 shouldn’t/oughtn’t to 不应该 You are his father and ought to take care of him. 其他 need 需要 1）用作实义动词后接 to do 2）用作情态动词后接 do，只用于否定句和问句 You don’t need to do it yourself. dare 敢 She dare not go out alone at night. 情态动词+完成时态 情态动词 含义 例句 must have done 肯定做过/发生过 It must have rained last night,for the ground is wet. can’t/couldn’t have done 不可能做过某事 Mr. Smith can't have gone to Beijing,for I saw him in the library just now. may/might have done 可能已经..... You might have read about it in the papers could have done 本来可以.....，本来能够 I could have arrived on time,but I was held up by the traffic jam. Should have done 本应该做..... You should have finished the task yesterday. ought to have done 本应该做..... needn’t have done 本没有必要做某事但又做了 I needn't have bought so much wine—only five people came. 句型 can not/never.....too 无论怎么.....也不过分越.....越好 While crossing the street, you can never be too careful. Can not.....enough 情态动词考点 2、情态动词后必须接动词原形，在语法 填空中，如果空格在主语和动词原形之间，那么可能要填 情态动词。（也可能填 do 和 will,shall 的适当形式）例如： 1.What is acceptable in one country [1]be considered extremely rude in another. Key:may 2.He had no time or energy to play with his children or talk with his wife, but he [2]______ bring home a regular salary. Key:did 考点对练 1 单项填空【虽然许多地区不考此题型，但依 旧是掌握知识的很好的训练方式】 1．【2020·天津卷单项填空】Jim says we ______ stay in his house as long as we leave it clean and tidy . A．must B．can C．need D．should Key: B【解析】考查情态动词。句意：吉姆说我们可以 住在他的房子里，只要我们保持它干净整洁。A. must 必须； B. can 能，可以；C. need 需要；D. should 应该。根据后面的 “as long as we leave it clean and tidy”可知，Jim 许可我们待 在他的房子里，即:我们”能，可以”待在他的房子里。故 选 B。 2．【 2020·天津卷单项填空】 You ____________ have scolded him for his poor performance. After all, he had done his best. A．must B．should C．mustn’t D．shouldn't Key: D【解析】考查情态动词+ have done。句意：你本 不应该因为他表现不好而责骂他。毕竟，他已经尽力了。 根据前后句关系可知此处表示“本不该”是 shouldn't have done 指做了本不该做的事，must have done 表示对过去发 生的事情的肯定性推测；should have done 表示应当做某事 而实际上未做；mus