高考英语语法精讲与精练 ：第二章 名 词 第二章 名词精讲与精练 一、名词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式填空 It was late at night.Two[1]_________(German) were sleeping in their room when,suddenly,one of them,Mrs. Green, was woken up and found a thief slipping into their room to try his luck. She had three [2]___________(thousand) dollars in her pocket. “What should I do? Many [3]_________(thief) usually bring [4]________(knife) with them,” She thought in [5]______ (silent). And at the same time the thief happened to touch a [6]________(sport) suit. It seemed as if he found there was someone in the room, so he went to the next room where two [7]__________(Frenchman)were sleeping. When he was looking for [8]_________(money) or some [9]___________(jewel) in the next room, Mrs. Green woke up her husband quickly and called the [10]_______ (policeman). And then the thief knew what had happened. He was so scared that he took out a knife. Just then the police came up. Before the thief ran away,the police caught him. For Mrs. Green,it was really an unusual experience. Keys:1.Germans 2.thousand 3.thieves 4.knives 5.silence 6.sports 7.Frenchmen 8.money 9.jewels/jewelry【jewel 的复 数直接加 s;jewelry 为不可数名词，表示 jewel 的总称。】 10.police【police 可以表示警察，警方，警察部门；call the police 报警】 二、名词考点精讲： 名词考点 1、名词的数 1.名词的分类： (1)专有名词：专有名词无复数形式。 ①由普通名词构成的专有名词要加定冠词 the,如：the Great Wall。 ② the+姓氏名复数形式，则表示该姓氏一家人(复数含 义)。如:the Greens(格林一家人)。 (2)普通名词：普通名词又分个体名词，集体名词，物 质名词和抽象名词，其中个体名词和集体名词是可数名词 物质名词和抽象名词是不可数名词。 ① 个 体 名 词 : 表 示 单 个 的 人 和 事 物 。 如 car( 汽 车 ) 、 room(房间)、 fan(风扇)、photo(照片) ②集体名词:表示一群人或一些事物的名称。如 family(家庭)、army(军队)、government(政府)、group(集团) ③物质名词:表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体 的 物 质 。 如 fire( 火 ) 、 steel( 钢 ) 、 air ( 空 气 ) 、 water( 水 ) 、 milk(牛奶) ④抽象名词:表示动作，状态，品质或其他抽象概念。 如 labor( 劳动)、health(健康)、life (生活)、friendship(友情)、 patience(耐心) 2.可数名词复数的变化规则 (1).一般情况加 s : book-- books，house---houses (2).以 s、sh、ch、x 结尾的加 es: class--- classes，box---boxes，match----matches (3). 辅 音 字 母 + y 结 尾 的 变 y 为 i 加 es: city---cities country----countries，factory----factories (4).以 o 结尾的词：有生命的词加 es,无生命的词加 s: hero---heroes,potato---potatoes;radio-- radios, zoo---zoos, piano---pianos. photo---photos 例外: bamboo---bamboos (5).以 f, fe 结尾的变 f 或 fe 为 v +es: thief--thieves, wife-wives, life--lives, knife--knives 例外：belief--beliefs roof--roofs gulf--gulfs 3.可数名词的不规则变化 (1).常见的不规则变化名词 child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth mouse---mice man---men woman---women (2).单复数同形的名词 Chinese,Japanese,Swiss,works( 工 厂),means,fish，deer,sheep 一 句 话 记 忆 ： Some Chinese,Japanese and Swiss keep some fish,deer and sheep in this works by this means. (3)people,police,cattle(牛)只有复数形式。 (4)以 s 结尾，但仍然为单数。例如： ① maths, politics,physics 等学科名词。 ② news 是不可数名词 ③ the United States, the United Nations 应视为单数。 名词考点 2、名词作定语 (1) 名 词 作 定 语 一 般 用 单 数 。 例 如 ： paper money, an evening paper, city life, office work (2) 用 复 数 作 定 语 。 例 如 ： sports meeting, sales man/woman/girl(男/女售货员), goods train(货车)，customs papers(海关文件) 【注意：其中 goods 和 customs 本身就带 有 s】 (3)数词+名词作定语时，若有连字符，名词用单数；若 无连字符，名词用复数加“’”.例如： 例如：a five-year-plan, a five years’ plan (4)man 和 woman 做定语时随着被修饰的名词的单复数 变化而变化。 例如：A man/woman teacher--two men/women teacher 名词考点 3、名词所有格 名词所有格有两种形式：’+s 式和 of 式。 (1)一般说来，表示有生命的名词和表示时间，国家， 距离等名词的所有格用’+s 式,例如：Mary’s mother, today’s news。 (2)表示无生命的事物名词的所有格用 of 式，例如:the cover of the book。 (3)双重所有格：例如：a friend of my father’s, a friend of mine。 三、名词应考技巧： 1、在语法填空题中，空格处作主语和宾语时，常用名 词，考虑把提示词改为名词形式；如果给的是就是名词， 则考虑用名词复数形式，这时注意修饰语。 2、在改错题中，重点考虑不可数名词是否是用了复数 形式，可数名词该用复数的是否用了单数。 四、考点精练 （一）单句语法填空 1. 【 2021· 全 国 甲 卷 】 Supposedly you can do it in two hours, but we stopped at the different gates and49(watchtower) to take pictures or just to watch the local people going about their daily routines.key: watchtowers 2. 【 2021· 全 国 乙 卷 】 It is different from traditional tourism because it allows the traveler to become educated about the areas - both in terms of geographical conditions and cultural characteristics, and often provides money for conservation and benefits the 62 (develop)of the local areas. key: development 3.【2021·全国乙卷】69(activity)there range from whale watching to hiking( 远 足 )and accommodations aim to have a low impact on the natural environment. key: Activities 4.【2021·新高考Ⅰ卷】The rolling sea of clouds you see once you are at the top will remind you how tiny we 57 (human) are. key: humans 5.【2021·浙江高考卷】In 1844 they bought it for $1,200 and some land from Charles Dresser, who performed