高考英语语法精讲与精练： 非谓语动词 一、非谓语动词讲前练：用所给单词的适当形式或用适当的单 词（1 个）填空 Let children learn [1]_________ (judge) their own work. A child [2]___________(learn) to talk does not learn by [3]_______________(correct)all the time; if [4]___________(correct) too much, he will stop [5]__________(talk). He notices a thousand times a day the difference between his language and others’ language. Bit by bit, he makes the right changes [6]___________(make) his language like other people’s. In the same way, children learn to do all the other things. They learn to talk, run, climb, ride a bicycle by [7]___________(compare) their own behaviors with those of more [8]_________(skill) people, and slowly make the [9]________(need) changes. But in school teachers never give a child a chance [10]___________(find) out his mistakes for himself, even fewer chances for him [11] ___________(correct) himself. They do it all for him. Teachers act as if the student would fail [12] _________(notice) a mistake if they did not point it out to him. They act as if the student would never correct it unless [13]__________(make) to. Soon he [14]____________(become) dependent on the teacher. So we should let him [15]_______ (realize) his own mistakes and work out what the answer is to that problem with the help of other children . Key: 1. to judge 2. learning 3. being corrected 4. corrected 5. talking 6. to make 7. comparing 8. skilled 9. needed 10. to find 11. to correct 12. to notice 13. made 14. becomes 15.realize 二、非谓语动词考点精讲： 非谓语动词考点 1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的判定 1、利用动词的形式判断谓语动词与非谓语动词。 1）各时态的谓语动词的形式(见时态语态一章), 注意:情态动 词+do 是谓语动词的一种形式 2）非谓语动词：to do / doing /done EG:When ice is heated, it can turn into water. Heated, ice can turn into water. The children are working hard on the farm, singing and laughing. 2、一个句子中，已经出现谓语动词又没有连词的情况下。还有 别的动词出现时，需要用非谓语动词。 EG:The man took out the key, opened the door and entered the room. The question discussed at the meeting yesterday is of great importance. 考点对练 1:判断下列划线动词是谓语动词还是非谓语动词 1、We found the girl sitting in the armchair. 2 、 The students went into the hall, following their teacher. 3、The meeting held yesterday was of great importance. 4、She sat at the window, reading a magazine. 5、Work hard and you will succeed. 非谓语动词考点 2、非谓语动词的逻辑主语 1、非谓语动词虽然不作谓语，但依然保留着动词的特征，就是 动词表示的动作一定有“执行者”，及物动词表达的动作会有一个 “承受者”。非谓语动作的执行者和承受者就是非谓语动词的逻辑 主语或宾语。比如： EG：We will have many difficult problems to deal with. 我们会有许多棘手问题需要处理。 （To deal with 的执行者（逻辑主语）是句子主语 we，承受者 （宾语）是 problems） EG：The problem to be dealt with is how we can get the text books. （To be dealt with 的承受者 the problems 变成了逻辑主语, 由于不定式用的是被动形式，因此没有宾语） 2、如何确定非谓语动词的逻辑主语 ①非谓语动词在句子里作“状语”时，它的逻辑主语就是句中 主语。 EG：Not knowing what to do next, we went to the teacher for help. 因为不知道下一步怎么办，我们去求助老师。 （作原因状语的非谓语动词短语（ not knowing what to do next）的逻辑主语（执行者）是句子主语 we） ②非谓语动词在句子里作“定语”时，它的逻辑主语就是它所 修饰的名词或代词。 EG：The building built last year is our library. ③非谓语动词在句子里作宾语补足语时，它的逻辑主语就宾语。 EG:When we enter the classroom, we found Tom seated on his chair. 非谓语动词考点 3、非谓语动词的时态语态及其基本性质 非谓语形式 时态（主动） 时态（被动） 表达的时间概念 不定式 to do to be done 将来（即动作发生在主句动作之后） to be doing 正在进行（与主句动作同时发生） to have done to have been done 过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前） 现在分词 动名词 doing being done 正在进行（与主句动作同时发生） having done having been done 过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前） 过去分词 done 过去（即动作发生在主句动作之前） 例如： EG1: He hope to finish reading the book tonight. EG2: She pretended to be reading when the teacher came in. EG3: He pretended to have forgotten the conversation that night. 他假装已经忘记了那晚的对话。 EG4: It is impossible for him to be appointed.他不可能 被任命。 EG5: They stood by the roadside talking about the plan. 他们站在路边谈论着这个计划。 EG6: Not having received a reply, he decided to write again. 没有收到答复他决定再写一遍 EG7: The building being built is our new teaching building. EG8: The building built last year is our science building. 非谓语动词考点 4、非谓语动词其它常考考点 1、只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind（介意）， escape（逃脱）， miss（想念，错过）， enjoy（喜欢），practise（练习）， prevent （ 预 防 ） ， dislike( 不 喜 欢 ) ， admit （ 承 认 ） ， suggest（建议） =advise=recommend ， keep （ 保 持 ） ， consider （ 考 虑 ） ， can’t help(情不自禁)， can’t stand(不能忍受)， risk（冒险）， resist（抵抗， 反对），give up (放弃)， avoid（避免），appreciate（欣赏）， finish（完成），imagine(想象) 记忆口诀：memep 喜欢承认 skrgafi (谐音：妹妹不喜欢承认吃 颗粒咖啡) 2、只接 to do 做宾语的动词或短语 hope（希望）, want（想）, offer（主动提出做...，提供）, long （ 渴 望 ） , fail （ 失 败 ， 未 能 做 ... ） , expect （ 期 待 ） , wish(希望), ask（要求）, decide（决定）, pretend（假装）, manage（成功设法做.....）, agree(同意), afford（负担得起）, determ